Predictions about the future, and make it possible to take actions to affect theДЇuture. Not surprisingly, we are inveterate searchers after causes.ДЄlmost no one goes through a day without uttering sentences of the form X caused

To them, to make realistic predictions about what will happen, and to affect what Humans depend upon causation all the time to explain what has happened Keywords: causation, causal inference, INUS model, counterfactual, statistics

It ends with a discussion of the limitations of the recipe and how far it goes toward solving the epistemological and ontological problems. It pays attention on a counterfactual definition, mostly amounting to a recipe that is now widely used in statistics. Moreover, the article gives a review of four approaches of what causality might be. Three basic questions about causality are then addressed. A counterfactual is a statement, typically in the subjunctive mood, in which a false or вЂcounter to factвЂ™ premise is followed by some assertion about what would have happened if the premise were true. The four approaches to causality include neo-Humean regularity, counterfactual, manipulation and mechanisms, and capacities. It specifically presents a user-friendly synopsis of philosophical and statistical musings about causation. This article provides an overview of causal thinking by characterizing four approaches to causal inference. Situation: The Independence of Assignment and OutcomeД©.5 Getting around Identicality (Unit Homogeneity)Д©.6 Multiplying the Number of Units and the 3 Exploring Three Basic Questions About CausalityДЈ.1 Psychological and Linguistic AnalysisД¤ The Humean and Neo-Humean Approach to CausationД¤.1 Lawlike Generalities and the Humean RegularityДҐ.1 LewisвЂ™s Counterfactual Approach to CausationДҐ.2 The Virtues of the Counterfactual Definition ofДҐ.3 Controlled Experiments and Closest PossibleД§ Pre-emption and the Mechanism Approach toД§.2 Mechanisms, Capacities, and the PairingДЁ.2 Causal Inference with Experimental andД© Going beyond the NeymanвЂ“RubinвЂ“ Holland ConditionsД©.1 The NeymanвЂ“RubinвЂ“Holland (NRH) TheoryД©.2 Ontological Definition of Causal Effect BasedД©.3 Finding a Substitute for the Counterfactual

Causality.